Iron ore sintering is undertaken at steelworks to produce coarse and competent feed for the iron blast furnace from iron ore fines and secondary iron oxide sources. Alternative to deal with high level of fine materials in. Feed material the iron ore fines sample was collected from the spiral classifier overflow of a typical iron ore beneficiation plant of noamundi, india. It is of valuable composition, carries only 14 or 15% of iron, and is used more for its lime and magnesia as a flux than for its iron content. Iron ore sintering process model to study local permeability control. Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the major processes in a typical iron ore sintering plant. Sometimes, the change will be due to the uncertainty inherent in the behaviour of naturally occurring minerals in a production process. The sources that give rise to the amount of free energy are commonly referred to as the driving forces for sintering. The iron content of the pure minerals is as follows. Learn what makes those types of iron ore different and make an informed investment. In an industrial iron ore sintering process, ironsand particles experience heating, solid reaction, melting, and cooling phenomena. In the sintering process, a blend of iron oxide fines iron ore sintering process, the loose raw materials, mixtures of fine ore, limestone flux and coke breeze, are converted into a porous but physically strong cake, which is generally composed of four main phases. This also applies to iron ores of the nonmagnetic type which after a reducing roast are amenable to magnetic separation.
More directly, relational pricing can exist between iron ore and steel known as the metal spread and iron lump to steel the. Recommended reading material for the understanding of iron. Beneficiation, sintering, and processing of raw materials for. The sintering process begins with the preparation of a sinter mixture consisting of iron ore fines, fluxes, solid fuel called bonding agents in japan such as coke breeze, and return fines from the sinter plant and blast furnace as well as recycled ferruginous materials from downstream iron. An iron ore exploration and development company with properties located in the heart of canadas premier iron ore mining district, the labrador trough achieving major milestones. Bhagat introduction the process of sinter making originated from a need to make use of fines generated in mines and in ore beneficiation plants. Sinter plants agglomerate iron ore fines dust with other fine materials at high temperature, to create a product that can be used in a blast furnace. Minerals free fulltext ore assimilation and secondary. Ankerite is a carbonate of lime, magnesia, manganese, and iron. The book begins with a discussion of raw materials preparation and the beneficiation process. Sintering briefly described earlier is the process that agglomerates fines including iron ore fines, dusts, coke breeze, water treatment plant sludge, coke breeze, and flux into a porous mass for charging to the blast furnace. Recommended reading material for the understanding of iron ore deposits in blue. Iron ore processing for the blast furnace courtesy of the national steel pellet company the following describes operations at the national steel pellet company, an iron ore mining and processing facility located on the mesabi iron range of minnesota.
Alternative 1 problem definition criteria 60 mpa design stress force 116,70. Creating steel from lowgrade iron ore requires a long process of mining, crushing. Subscribe to receive an email notification when a publication is added to this page. Apr 03, 2010 dear readers, in this presentation, i have tried to explain main raw material sources of iron making process. Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slagforming agents and solid fuel. Sintering phenomena in fluxed composite iron ore pellets generally deal with. Mineralogy, processing and environmental issues summarizes. During the iron ore sintering process, two types of particles are present in the sinter bed. These iron making quick revision notes will help you prepare on the exam day and score good marks. Influence of coating granulation process on iron ore. The sintering process has a special importance for three technical disciplines. In the bloomery process, iron is obtained through the reduction of ores in a small furnace usually operated by bellows, and sometimes via natural draft, using. Michelle ridsdale history iron ore is used primarily in steel making.
Ppt sintering powerpoint presentation free to view. The process, called sintering, causes the constituent materials to fuse to make a single porous mass with little change in the chemical. The final product, a sinter, is a small, irregular nodule of iron mixed with small amounts of other minerals. Abstractsintering is an agglomeration process that fuses iron ore fines, fluxes, recycled products, slagforming elements and coke. Research methodology the proposed testing cycle included. Driving force for sintering as with all processes, sintering is accompanied by an increase in the free energy of the system. Two key operational parameters, namely, the temperature and oxygen content of the recycling gas, were selectively discussed. As a matter of fact, this publication is a rare opportunity to connect the researchers involved in different domains of sintering.
However, little has been published on the implications of ore chemical composition for iron ore sinter and pellet product quality. Sintering hipping of si3n4 hipping of silicon nitride improves the final density and as a consequence the mechanical strength. Mineralogy, geochemistry, and economic geology jens gutzmer and nicolas j. Iron ore sintering is used all over the world to prepare agglomerates for the ironmaking blast furnace. In the iron ore industry significant emphasis is placed throughout the mining process on meeting chemical composition specifications for the export of fine ores. Low grade iron ore beneficiation anand kumar, manager mining, omendra singh, design engineer mining mecon limited, ranchi 834 002 email. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. In this chapter, the sintering process is first described and the key steps of the sintering process, namely, granulation and thermal densification, are identified. Sintering of iron ore is a generic term which is used to describe the process whereby a sinter mix raw mix or green mix of iron ore fines, fluxes, fuel coke breeze and plant return fines e. Theory and practice of sintering of iron ore ispatguru.
The quality of the final sinter is particularly determined by the secondary phases and their bonding ability. Introduction iron, in the form of cast iron and steel, is arguably the backbone of all industrial development, and indispensable to modern civilization. Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slagforming agents, and solid fuel coke. Four kinds of iron bearing byproducts were chosen to investigate the effect of them on the emission of so2 and nox and sinter quality through sinterpot test. Us7875097b2 method of granulating raw material for. The sintering process begins with the preparation of a sinter mixture consisting of iron ore fines, fluxes, solid fuel called bonding agents in japan such as coke breeze, and return fines from the sinter plant and blast furnace as well as recycled ferruginous materials from downstream iron and steelmaking processes. Iron making quick revision pdf notes, book, ebook for. This taconite rock is about 28 percent iron, the rest sand or silica for the most part. The purpose of the sintering process is manufacturing a product with the suitable characteristics thermal, mechanical, physical and chemical to be fed to the blast furnace. Beneficiation of iron ore and the treatment of magnetic iron taconites, stage grinding and wet magnetic separation is standard practice. Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slagforming agents and solid fuel coke.
So far, research centers in europe have carried out a few studies in this field. Thermal cycle of the materials in the sinter strand. The blended sinter mix typically composed of iron ores, fluxes, returned sinter fines, plant dust and about 4 wt. Effects of the agglomerate on overall fuel consumption during the process and sinter output have been determined 410. The use of ammonium sulfate as an inhibitor of dioxins synthesis in iron ore sintering process 63 in iron and steel industry the process of iron ore sintering is identified as the most important source of dioxin emissions. Model predictions of pcdd and pcdf emissions on the iron. Beneficiation of indian high alumina iron ore fines a case study. Simulation of sintering of iron ore packed 1 simulation of sintering of iron ore packed bed with variable porosity s. High grade iron ore less than 10% of the total reserves. Blast furnace process needs sufficiently high gas permeability of the charge material, which is loaded into the blast furnace it is not pos.
Also, with my experience, i have tried to give a concept about the plant engineering related to raw material. The detailed behavior of an ironsand particle depends on the solid particles in contact with it, as well as the heating history and the prevailing gas atmosphere. In sinter process, the fine iron ores are prepared for the blast furnace process by. Rom iron ore with fe less than 58 60% discarded as waste. The conventional sintering process is one of the well established processes for high quality hematite ore. Basicity in this context is the ratio between the weight percent of cao and sio2. Fraction of 2 mm to 5 mm should be as higher as possible for better sintering process.
Iron ore, as mined, is a combination of iron with oxygen and various other unwanted substances, generally known as gangue. As emphasized in chapter 3, we recommend treating the whole iron ore sector with a fallback approach see section 5 of the report on the project approach and general issues and do not consider product benchmarking an. The use of ammonium sulfate as an inhibitor of dioxin. Investigation and technological optimisation of iron ore bedding and. Beneficiation, sintering, and processing of raw materials for the iron and steel industry p. Sinter plants agglomerate iron ore fines with other fine materials at high temperature in a mix bed to create a product that can be used in a blast furnace. Behavior of new zealand ironsand during iron ore sintering.
This pdf file is created by trial version of quick pdf. Based on this analysis, it is clear in india that the installation of beneficiation facilities exclusively for low grade hematitic iron ore beneficiation is a reality excluding plant. Experimental analysis of the process performance and. According to the invention, converter slags and air are fully reacted at a high temperature of 8001100 deg c, a main ingredient sfca. Kasai institute of multidisciplinary research for advanced materials tohoku university japan phoenics user conference melbourne,2004 2 flowchart of steel production 3 sintering process concept region of.
Minimize cost to the company by minimizing bucket cost and using the minimum allowable cable size. The standard technique used to assess sintering performance has been described in several publications. Ppt simulation of sintering of iron ore packed powerpoint. Usually limonitic and goethite ore are associated with higher alumina and loi. The iron ore sintering process prepares fine iron the ores for the blast furnace process. Biomass for iron ore sintering utilization of high sulfur raw materials in iron ore pellets. Shuangliang clyde bergemann gmbh, ratingen, nw, germany. Due to depletion of high grade iron ore resources, goethite and limonitic ore content in iron ore fines is expected to increase gradually. In the iron ore sintering process, air flow rate is a. This pdf file is created by trial version of quick pdf converter suite. Jun 01, 2015 first, a lowgrade iron ore called taconite is mined. Cn104278146a preparation method of sintering flux for.
This process is widely studied and researched in the iron and steelmaking industry. Iron ore is most often found in the forms of hematite and magnetite. The scope of the proposed tool includes various processes such as iron extraction. Iron ore processing manual pdf sb download free books download iron ore processing manual in pdf format for free. All these methods have been operated empirically for some time, without obtaining a deeper insight into the nature of the process.
Dynamic determinants in global iron ore supply chain cirrelt. With the development of sintering technology, a sintering plant has become a tremendous success for providing a phenomenal increase in. Beukes encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. Normally we get iron ore fines that is having 100 mesh 0. A raw material for sintering of 100% in total is blended so as to adjust iron containing dust andor sludge to 60% or more, and coarse grains having a grain size of 2 mm or larger to 20% or more on the weight basis, onethird or less of the total amount of addition of coke breeze is added as a fuel, the blend is kneaded and granulated using a vibration kneading granulator to thereby produce. Effects of different waste gas recovery sintering wgrs methods on the quality index and process performance of the iron ore sinter were studied by a plant test, compared to the conventional sintering cs. After beneficiation iron ore availability can improve by about 50%. A new refining process for iron oxide using iron ore and its. Main feed into a sinter plant is base mix, which consists of iron ore fines, coke fines and flux. During iron ore sintering the green granulated sinter bed undergoes significant changes in its structure.
Steel community and the country demand technological solutions for utilising low grade ores. This method is applicable to a concentration range of 0,10 % m m to 5,0 % m m 1 of phosphorus in natural iron ores, and iron ore concentrates and agglomerates including sinter products. The first metallurgical step is to reduce iron ore to metallic iron, a process which is mostly carried out in a blast furnace, using coke as both a fuel and reducing agent. Iron ore market, supply chain, transport infrastructure. The invention provides a preparation method of a sintering flux for iron ore sintering, which can solve the problem of waste recycling of converter slags, also can produce a lowcost sintering flux, and reduces the damages of converter slags on the environment. Kawasaki steel corporation and kawatetsu mining co. Iron bearing byproducts are rich in iron and carbon and are often reused in the iron ore sintering process. Minerals free fulltext assessing the quality of iron ores for. Changing bed bulk density and other process conditions.
World crude steel production was 1,385mt in 2010, dominated by china, and has grown at an average rate of 5%pa since 2000. The mineralogical composition that defines the properties is often not monitored. This book focuses on agglomeration, or the size enlargement process, of iron ores. Hello metallurgical engineering students, i am sharing the iron making pdf class lecture notes, ebook, book as per the metallurgical engineering course syllabus. Sintering is a process by which a mixture of iron ores, fl uxes and coke is agglomerated in a sinter plant to manufacture a sinter product of a suitable composition, quality and granulometry to be. This international standard provides a quality control method for the determination of phosphorus by titration, however, the method cannot be used for.
Iron ores sampling and sample preparation procedures. Fundamental studies related to gaseous reduction of iron oxide. This article discusses the quality of iron oxides and the characteristics of the hard ferrite magnets produced from them. This process sits at the interface of mineral processing and extractive metallurgy. However, there are fewer studies on the effect of them on sintering flue gas pollutants. To develop reliable process models, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of reduction behaviour of different iron ore pellets, such as rate and mechanism of reduction. Sintering theory was traditionally developed either as the application of complex diffusion or viscous flow mechanisms to a simple geometry or as complex. As a material processing method, sintering embraces the wide group of technologies used to obtain such different products as for example iron ore agglomerate and luminescent powders. Iron ore pellets with or without additives are commonly used as alternate charge. Thomas application note atomic absorption introduction the atomic absorption technique is ideally suited for the rapid analysis of a wide range of elements in ores. All these plant will be based on haematite ore as raw material.
Chinas rapid steel production growth has reformed the world steel industry, shifting the centre of gravity from. A merchantfree market operates for iron ore and published. Sintering is a process of agglomeration of iron ore fines, fluxes, recycled products, slagforming elements and coke with the purpose of achieving an agglomerated product with the suitable. Ninl begins process to choose mdo for iron ore mines.
Importance of fine ore chemical composition and high. On this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics. Trading scheme for the period 20 2020 for installations in the iron ore industry. Jul 17, 2018 business standard reported that mmtc promoted steel psu neelachal ispat nigam ltd has set off the process to chose a mine developer cum operator for its captive iron ore mines at koira. Compared with pellets, production of sinter is cheaper, and compared with lump ore, fluxed sinter is often more reducible with better softening characteristics.
1100 1595 155 878 101 1412 482 333 1442 196 958 172 751 1515 630 1358 1372 1182 558 1352 1026 461 300 282 647 1251 1256 1413 301 325 478 1470 1437 909 181 795 369